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Lecture Starts: 24:20
A Brief History of Science, Part 1
Lecture: GModule01-1w
http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsG/Module01/1stOverhead01.htm
http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsG/Module01/2ndOverhead.htm
http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsG/Module01/3rdOverhead.htm
http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsG/Module01/GModule1SG.htm
http://redwagontutorials.com/SampleInformalReport.htm
http://redwagontutorials.com/FormLabG.htm
http://encarta.msn.com/medias_761557105/Science.html
1. Your Module starts out asking the question,
“What is science?” According to Dr. Wile science is the branch of study dedicated to the
accumulation and classification of observable ________ in order to formulate
general laws about the natural world.
Science
is the branch of study dedicated to the accumulation and classification of
observable facts in order to formulate general laws about the natural world.
Science
like any discipline has both a purpose and practice.
2. The purpose of science is to develop what
that explain how the world around us works and why things happen? _______________ _______________
The
purpose of science is to develop general laws that explain how the world around
us works and why things happen.
3. The practice of science involves which of the
following two things?
a.
experimentation
b.
observation
c.
both (a) and (b)
d.
neither (a) nor
(b)
The
practice of science involves experimentation and observation. (c) is the correct
answer.
4. T or F:
Studying the history of science can teach us how science should and
should not be practiced. ________
True: Studying the history of science can teach us
how science should and should not be practiced.
5. Imhotep was an
Egyptian who lived around 2650 B.C. He
was known for his _______________ _______________.
Imhotep was an Egyptian who lived around 2650
B.C. He was known for his medical
knowledge.
Imhotep -- http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/egypt/history/people/imhotep.html
6. Which of the following might have been used
by Imhotep?
a.
penicillin
b.
morphine
c.
codeine
d.
all the above
might have been used.
Penicillin,
morphine, and codeine from poppy seeds are all examples. (d) is the correct
answer.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poppy
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/nov2003.html
7. What type of paper did the Egyptians
use? _______________
Papyrus
is a primitive form of paper, made from a long-leaf plant, which was used by
the ancient Egyptians.
http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/prehistory/egypt/dailylife/papyrus.html
8. T or F:
The invention of paper revolutionized the way information was
transmitted from person to person.
True: The invention of paper revolutionized the way
information was transmitted from person to person.
9. Other than ancient Egypt what other three
cultures had impressive inventions?
a. _______________ were making pottery on a
potter’s wheel.
Mesopotamians
were making pottery on a potter’s wheel.
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/wam/ht02wam.htm
b. _______________ developed horse-drawn
chariots.
Sumerians
developed horse-drawn chariots.
http://www.crystalinks.com/sumermilitary.html
http://www.plasticsoldierreview.com/review.aspx?id=1080
c. _______________ were using compasses to aid
their religious practices.
Chinese
were using compasses to aid their religious practices.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Model_Si_Nan_of_Han_Dynasty.jpg
10. Historians view which of the following as one
of humanity’s first real scientists?
a.
Thales
b.
Galileo
c.
Einstein
d.
Mr. Rosenoff
Historians
view Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes
as humanity’s first real scientists. (a)
is the correct answer.
Thales
-- studied the heavens
Anaximander
– origins of life without reference to a creator
Anaximenes – believed all things were constructed
from air
11. Leucippus proposed that all matter is comprised
of little units called what?
_______________
Leucippus
proposed that all matter is comprised of little units called atoms. He is known as the father of atomic theory.
12. T or F:
Anaximenes thought that atoms were like the
sand of a breach? ________
False: Democritus thought that atoms were like the
sand of a breach?
http://www.thebigview.com/greeks/index.html
http://www.thebigview.com/greeks/democritus.html
13. What term do we use today for how
tightly-packed atoms are in a substance?
_______________
Density
is a large density indicates tightly-packed atoms and a small density indicates
how loosely-packed they may be.
14. 100,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms are
contained on the head of _______________.
100,000,000,000,000,000,000
atoms are contained on the head of pin……..and they are in constant motion!!!
http://dogdreams.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/pins.jpg
15. Who is often called the father of life
sciences?
a.
Pasteur
b.
Plank
c.
Dr. Wile
d.
Aristotle
Aristotle
is often called the father of life sciences.
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/aristotle.html
16. What large scale thing regarding plants and
animals did Aristotle do?
_______________
Classification. He
was the first to attempt classification of the plants and animals he saw.
17. Aristotle’s idea that living organisms can be
spontaneously formed from non-living substances is called _______________
_______________.
Aristotle’s
idea that living organisms can be spontaneously formed from non-living
substances is called spontaneous generation.
18. T or F:
The reputation of the author (Aristotle), not the scientific evidence,
was the reason people believed in the idea.
________
True: The reputation of the author (Aristotle), not
the scientific evidence, was the reason people believed in the idea. It took 2000 years for Aristotle to be shown
wrong. In that time people believe
spontaneous generation to be true, even though there was evidence that is not
true, simply because Aristotle said it was so.
19. Which scientist discovered something while
taking a bath?
a.
Archimedes
b.
Ptolemy
c. Imhotep
d.
Galileo
Archimedes
discovered the concept of mass displacement while taking a bath. (a) is the correct
answer.
https://www.cs.drexel.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/contents.html
20. Archimedes showed that mathematics and
science are closely _______________.
Archimedes
showed that mathematics and science are closely linked. Mathematics often
provides data which shows scientific ideas to be correct or false. Scientific observation often shows mathematic
predictions to be correct or in error.
21. Which scientist proposed the geocentric
system for our solar system?
_______________
Ptolemy
-- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy
22. What is at the center of the solar system in
the Ptolemaic system? ________ _______________
http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsG/Module01/Figure1.2.htm
The earth. All
the plants travel around the Earth in circles called epicycles in according to
Ptolemy.
23. T or F:
The Church liked Ptolemy’s view of the solar system. ________
True: The Church liked Ptolemy’s view of the solar
system. The Church thought, since God had
created man and He had placed man on earth, that the earth must be the most
important thing in the universe. It
seemed logical to them that the earth must, therefore, be at the very center of
the universe, just as Ptolemy had predicted.
24. Like the Ptolemaic system, evolution is
popular not because of there is a lot evidence for it, but because it fits in
with many preconceived _______________ and _______________.
Like
the Ptolemaic system, evolution is popular not because of there is a lot
evidence for it, but because it fits in with many preconceived notions and
beliefs.
25. Science stalled during the days of what Empire? ________
______________ _______________
http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Roman_Colosseum.html
Science
stalled during the days of the Roman Empire.
Rome did not mind the inventions, especially those that made work more
productive and Rome more powerful, but it had little use for the practice of
explaining the world around us.
26. Who wanted to change lead into gold?
a. the alchemists
b. the evolutionists
c. the environmentalists
d.
the procrastinists
The
alchemists (a) wanted to change lead into gold.
Like the Egyptians the alchemists never really tried to understand how
the natural world worked. They were
interested in making and finding “the next useful substance.”
http://www.alchemylab.com/history_of_alchemy.htm
27. Science ground to a halt during the Dark Ages
due to bad _______________ and lack of _______________ to carry information
from one place to another.
As
Rome crumbled, large scale communication became harder and harder. Science, which relies on free exchange of
ideas, ground to a halt due to bad roads and lack of ships to carry information
from one place to another.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Ages
28. In 1054, Chinese scientist observed a star
exploding. An explosion of a star today
is called what? ________ _______________
An
explosion of a star today is called a supernova. The remains of an exploded star are called a
nebula.
Crab
Nebula : http://search.aol.com/aol/image?invocationType=imageTab&query=Crab+Nebula